New+Jersey

New Jersey

Geography

New Jersey is located on the east coast of the United States of America. It borders the north and north east of New YorkState. There are about 8,729 square miles in this state. It is the fourth largest state in the US. There are many islands located off the coast of New Jersey that are part of New Jersey. There are not many main geographic features in New Jersey , but the most prominent ones are the Delaware Water Gap, New Jersey Meadowlands, and Pine Barrens . Some mountains New Jersey are Hamburg Mountains , Ramapo Mountains , and Sparta Mountains. Some main rivers that flow through the state are the Hudson River Manasquan River, Maurice River, Mullica River,Passaic River, and the Delaware River. Since the middle colonies were relatively hotter then the New England colonies,New Jersey was able better soil, and longer and more successful crops. Since there were many ports New Jersey was able to take advantage.

History

An expedition led by Englishmen Henry Hudson in 1609 also explored the area, and claimed it for the Dutch, who sponsored Hudson . The Dutch established early settlements at the sites of present-day Hoboken , Jersey City , and Gloucester City , while Swedes and Finns settled along the Delaware River after 1638 as part of the New Sweden colony. This was annexed by the Dutch in 1655. The English seized the entire area in 1664, though the e Dutch continued to dispute the English claim. The proprietorship of the Hudson and the northernmost point of the Delaware River were given to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. A group of Quakers gained control of Berkeley ’s proprietorship of west jersey in 1676 and bought east jersey from Carteret

’s widow several years later.

English landowners from the

West Indies

began to settle in

New Jersey

by the 1680s, bringing large numbers of African slaves to work their lands.

Economi Slavery had obtained legal sanction in New Jersey under the proprietary regimes of Berkeley and Carteret. In 1702, when New Jersey became a crown colony, Gov. Edward Corn bury was dispatched from London with instructions to keep the settlers provided with "a constant and sufficient supply of merchantable Negroes at moderate prices." He likewise was ordered to assist slave traders and "to take especial care that payment be duly made." But while slaves were encouraged, free blacks were not. Free blacks were barred by law from owning land in colonial New Jersey.

New Jersey's emancipation law carefully protected existing property rights. No one lost a single slave, and the right to the services of young Negroes was fully protected. Moreover, the courts ruled that the right was a 'species of property,' transferable 'from one citizen to another like other personal property.

For a living the colonist grew corn, potatoes, and wheat so that they can sell it to other colonies. They also manufacture things such as lumber and iron. With the lumber they build houses or barns.

Social

The languages the colonials spoke were English but you'd also find German, French, and possibly some Dutch. The middle colonies had no religious establishments and were known as bastions of religious toleration, including New Jersey . The middle colonies were also ethnically diverse. Along with hosting religions of British origin, the middle colonies were home to the German and Dutch Reformed, the German and Swedish Lutherans, and the Moravians. The New Jersey Colony role of women was to take care of their children, clean, trade, work in the fields, weave, make clothes for the whole family and cook.

Political

Members of an expedition led by English explorer john Cabot were the first Europeans to see the coast of New Jersey which was charted in 1524 by an Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazano. New Jersey established many different governments. In 1702 was under a single government along with New York . In 1738 government Lewis Morris made New Jersey become an independent colony. After him there was Gov, William Franklin the son of Benjamin Franklin. He remained loyal to the British the revolution began. After Washington ’s attack on Trenton in December 1776, New Jersey was one of several states that showed a great interest in building a stronger federal government to replace the articles of Confederation. The region was settled by Dutch and Swedish colonists in the 1620s and 1630s, was ceded to the English as part of New Nether land in 1664, and became a royal province in 1702.

Terms


 * New Jersey took advantage of the Triangle Trade. They had many ports where the slaves would be coming in and out of. New Jersey had one of the largest enslaved populations in the Northern States.
 * New Jersey participated in salutary neglect by adopting in 1668 a strong code of laws that indicated the domination of the Puritans.
 * New Jersey farmed cash crops such as tobacco, which they traded with other colonies.
 * Mercantilism was the economic system employed in New Jersey which was modeled after the systems in use in Europe at that time.
 * First signs of the Great Awakening were started by Presbyterians in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. This was led by the Tenant family. The starting of the Great awakening established a seminary to train clergyman whose preaching would show people the way to angelical experiences. That place was known as the “Log College,” that is now known as Princeton College.

Road to Revolution

French and Indian War

During the French and Indian war, New Jersey was able to help protect European settlers in the Upper Delaware River Valley . Since the Delaware Indians had proclaimed independence from the British, they began to attack Moravian settlers. The Movarian settlers settled in the Upper Delaware River Valley . During this time they sent their provincial regiment “The Jersey Blues” to the battle of Oswego, Ticonderoga , and Lake George. In New Jersey itself the Frontier Guard, created my Governor John Belcher, defended the western settlements.

The Revolution

New Jersey was a major part of the Revolution. It was at a great advantage with its geographic location because it was at the center of the new nation right between New York City and Philadelphia. From November through December of 1776 it was called the Crisis of the Revolution. During this time New Jersey 's militia didn’t want to fight Washington. There were many battles during the Revolution that took place in New Jersey, such as the forced Abandonment of Fort Lee, the first battle of Trenton , and the Battle of Springfield. New Jersey made many fantastic contributions to the war such as raw iron and worked iron. After the war New Jersey confirmed as a state and then signed the Articles of Confederation. When the Constitution was created, New Jersey did support it. After they signed it, it was then the third state to sign it

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