Massachusetts

__**Massachusetts**__

Caitlin Hearle, Gina Northrup

History: Massachusetts Plymouth was settled in 1620. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was colonized in 1630. A thousand settlers from England came by boat to Cape Cod bay. The Massachusetts Bay Colony started here. Most people who came were European puritans. They wanted to practice their religion without being persecuted. Puritans wanted to live with other Puritans, but not people of other religions. They didn’t want full religious tolerance. Native Americans were living around Massachusetts before the settlers arrived. In 1637, the Pequot people fought back against the settlers in the Pequot War. This strike took place in Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Pequot people suffered many casualties by the English settlers.

Social: The settlers spoke English. People who settled in Massachusetts were mainly Puritan. The women were considered homemakers. Their role was to have children and raise a family.

Key Terms: -Sugar would be brought from the Caribbean to Massachusetts. Usually the sugar was made into rum. The rum was then traded in West Africa in exchange for slaves. This was one part of the **triangle trade**. -England neglected its colonies. They knew that the colonies would prosper the most on their own. This **salutary neglect** allowed Massachusetts, like the other New England colonies, to form self-sufficient farms. -**Mercantilists** believed that the colonies should always benefit the mother country. In 1686, King James eliminated colonial legislatures in the New England colonies, Massachusetts included. In place of the colonial legislatures was now a governor and a council that King James choose. -During the **Great Awakening,** some people In Massachusetts became Baptists. -Plants used to make sugar were the **cash crop** in the Caribbean. The sugar was shipped to Massachusetts, where it would be made into rum.

Revolution: -Samuel Adams came from Massachusetts. He was a radical who fought for independence during the revolution. General Thomas Gage was the governor of Massachusetts. He was involved in one of the first battles of revolution. -The people of Massachusetts became very angry after Parliament decided to tax the colonies. After the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act were passed, a riot started in Boston. - Boston was occupied by British troops for months. -The Boston Massacre occurred in 1770. British soldiers shot into a crowd of rowdy people. Six people citizens were injured and five were killed. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">- The Boston Tea Party occurred on December 16, 1773. The Tea Act had recently been passed. Angry citizens, many living in Boston, entered a ship carrying British tea. They disguised themselves as Indians and dumped much of the tea into Boston Harbor. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">- Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party by passing the Intolerable Acts. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">- Other colonies were outraged over the Intolerable Acts placed on Boston. The First Continental Congress met the following year. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">-When the Constitution was drawn up, Massachusetts supported it. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> Geography <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - located in new England <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o In the east, there is 192 miles of coastline along the Atlantic ocean <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o In the west, there are the Berkshire Hills, part of the Appalachian Mountain chain. They run north to south and create beautiful mountains and valleys. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o In between is the New England upland, which is a plain that was once rich agricultural plain. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - RIVERS: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o The state contains several major rivers, most notably the Connecticut River in the west and the Charles and Merrimack rivers in the east. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - MOUNTAINS: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o In the west, there are the Berkshires, part of the Appalachian mountain chain. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - HARBORS: <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> o Two large natural harbors in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay -FARMING CONDITIONS - Massachusetts is one of the nation's top cranberry producers, providing 23% of the country's total cranberry production in 2005. The state's agricultural exports total more than $160 million, and Massachusetts is seventh in the nation for direct sales of agricultural products to consumers. The state's largest agricultural commodity comprises greenhouse/nursery products, accounting for 38% of its $416 million in cash receipts in 2004. Other crops grown in the state include wild blueberries, dairy products, and vegetables. Massachusetts also has one of the nation's leading commercial fishing industries. With fleets at the New Bedford port bringing in $282 million in fish in 2005, New Bedford is now among the top moneymaking fishing ports in the country. Economics <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - In Massachusetts, the colonists were very focused on shipping. In New England, many of the colonies focused on shipping and fishing. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - The principle form of commerce in Massachusetts at this time was shipping. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - There was no slavery in Massachusetts. Political <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - Massachusetts was given a semi-royal charter. <span style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - The colonists established small villages that remained under the control of the English. French and Indian War <span style="margin: auto 0in auto 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - In the pre-dawn hours of February 29, 1704, a force of about 300 French and Native allies launched a raid on the English settlement of Deerfield, Massachusetts. 112 Deerfield men, women, and children were captured and taken on a 300-mile forced march to Canada in harsh winter conditions. Some of the captives were later redeemed and returned to Deerfield, but one-third chose to remain among their French and Native captors. <span style="margin: auto 0in auto 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - There were more patriots in Massachusetts, mainly because the original settlers left England to have religious freedom. If they had wanted to be loyal to England, they probably would not have left the country in the first place. <span style="margin: auto 0in auto 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - Yes, our colony supported the ideas of revolution. Once again, Massachusetts was home to more patriots than loyalists.

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Bibliography <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">1. Cayton, Andrew, et al. //America- Pathways to the Present//. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">2. Wilkie, Richard. "Massachusetts." //Encarta Reference Library//. Microsoft Corporation, 2002. Web. 28 Sept. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">3. Crawford, Mark. "Massachusetts: Geography." //United States Geography//. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 22 Sept. 2010. [] __4. History of the United States of America__, by Henry William Elson, The MacMillan Company, New York, 1904. Chapter X p. 210-216 Transcribed by Kathy Leigh